学名 | 通用名 / 贸易名 / [曾用名] | 中文名 | 备注 | |||
Haplochromis adolphifrederici | Friedrich's Kivu haplo | 弗雷德里希红尾 | ||||
Haplochromis aeneocolor = Astatotilapia aeneocolor | ||||||
Haplochromis antleter | [Enterochromis sp. 'dusky wine red fin'] | 红翅挖泥机 | ||||
Haplochromis argens | [Haplochromis sp. 'argens'] | 阿伦斯红尾 | ||||
Haplochromis astatodon | Regan's Kivu haplo | 雷根蓝焰 | ||||
Haplochromis brownae = Astatotilapia brownae | ||||||
Haplochromis burtoni = Astatotilapia burtoni | ||||||
Haplochromis chilotes (Makobe Is.) | [Paralabidochromis chilotes] | 绿厚唇帕拉拉(马考贝型) | ||||
Haplochromis chilotes (Ruti Is.) | [Paralabidochromis chilotes] | 蓝厚唇帕拉拉(鲁提岛型) | ||||
Haplochromis chilotes (Zue Is.) | [Paralabidochromis chilotes] | 黄厚唇帕拉拉(兹威岛型) | ||||
Haplochromis chromogynos | [Paralabidochromis chromogynos] | OB帕拉拉 | ||||
Haplochromis cinctus | [Enterochromis cinctus] | 红绸带 | ||||
Haplochromis commutabilis | Kachira Blue | 蓝色变齿鲷 | ||||
Haplochromis crebridens | [Haplochromis sp. 'bukavu'] | 蓝翅黑闪电 | ||||
Haplochromis cyaneus | Blue Rockpicker [Paralabidochromis cyaneus] | 蓝岩挖掘机 | ||||
Haplochromis desfontainii = Astatotilapia desfontainii | ||||||
Haplochromis dichrourus | 红勋章 | |||||
Haplochromis erythrocephalus | 红翅绿天使 | |||||
Haplochromis fischeri | [Ptyochromis fischeri] | 金绿费舍尔 | ||||
Haplochromis ishmaeli | [Labrochromis ishmaeli] | 伊斯马丽黄金 | ||||
Haplochromis latifasciatus = Astatotilapia latifasciata | ||||||
Haplochromis limax | Limax Red Chest | 利马斯红颊 | ||||
Haplochromis lividus | [Haplochromis sp. 'murchison bay'] | 红橄榄 | ||||
Haplochromis melanopterus | [Lipochromis melanopterus] | 黑黄花梨 | ||||
Haplochromis microchrysomelas | 基伍蓝潜艇 | |||||
Haplochromis nigricans | [Neochromis nigricans] | 黑鳍双色天使 | ||||
Haplochromis nubila = Astatotilapia nubila | ||||||
Haplochromis nuchisquamulatus | [Xystychromis nuchisquamulatus] | 红透半边天 | ||||
Haplochromis orthostoma = Pyxichromis orthostoma | ||||||
Haplochromis paropius | Broken Bar, [Enterochromis paropius] | 红绿分割线 | ||||
Haplochromis parvidens | Red Parvidens, [Lipochromis parvidens] | 小齿火红背 | ||||
Haplochromis paucidens | Trimorphic Kivu haplo | 双形红尾 | ||||
Haplochromis perrieri | [Prognathochromis perrieri] | 皮尔红鳍长身 | ||||
Haplochromis phytophagus | [Xystichromis phytophagus] | 圣诞弗鲁 | ||||
Haplochromis piceatus | [Astatotilapia ..., Yssichromis piceatus] | 红尾沥青 | ||||
Haplochromis pyrrhocephalus | [Yssichromis pyrrhocephalus] | 橙头柠檬 | ||||
Haplochromis pyrrhopteryx | [Prognathochromis pyrrhopteryx] | 橙翅蓝魔 | ||||
Haplochromis retrodens | 花斑龅牙 | |||||
Haplochromis riponianus | [Psammochromis riponianus] | 利蓬蓝鳍天使 | ||||
Haplochromis rubescens | Red Kivu haplo | 基伍红霞 | ||||
Haplochromis sauvagei (Makobe Is.) | [Ptyochromis sauvagei] | 黄金红斗士(马考贝型) | ||||
Haplochromis sauvagei (Mwanza Gulf) | [Ptyochromis sauvagei] | 黄金红斗士(姆万扎型) | ||||
Haplochromis sauvagei (Uganda) | [Ptyochromis sauvagei] | 黄金蓝斗士(乌干达型) | ||||
Haplochromis stappersii = Astatotilapia stappersii | ||||||
Haplochromis sp. '#44 thickskin' = Astatotilapia sp. 'red tail' | ||||||
Haplochromis sp. 'all red' (Lake Edward) | Lake Edward Allred | 全红爱德华 | ||||
Haplochromis sp. 'all red' (Kyoga & Nawampassa) = Haplochromis sp. 'kyoga flameback' | ||||||
Haplochromis sp. 'black silvertip uganda' | 乌干达黑线 | |||||
Haplochromis sp. 'blue obliquidens' | Blue Obliquidens | 蓝斜纹海豚 | ||||
Haplochromis sp. 'blue tipped' = Haplochromis sp. 'tipped blue' = Yssichromis sp. 'blue tipped' | ||||||
Haplochromis sp. 'broken bar' = H. paropius | ||||||
Haplochromis sp. 'bukavu' = H. crebridens | ||||||
Haplochromis sp. 'cherry fin' | 樱桃翅 | |||||
Haplochromis sp. 'chipwa' | 赤瓦红颊 | |||||
Haplochromis sp. 'dayglow' | [Xystichromis sp. 'dayglow'] | 红太阳 | ||||
Haplochromis sp. 'dentex-like' | 假登特斯鲷 | |||||
Haplochromis sp. 'emerald fire' | 绿火宝石 | |||||
Haplochromis sp. 'entebbe' | 恩德培红翅 | |||||
Haplochromis sp. 'fine bar scraper' | 细纹刮刀 | |||||
Haplochromis sp. 'fire' = Paralabidochromis sp. 'fire' | ||||||
Haplochromis sp. 'flameback' | [Xystichromis sp. 'flameback'] | 火红背 | ||||
Haplochromis sp. 'golden duck' | [ Harpagochromis sp. 'golden duck'] | 黑金鸭嘴 | ||||
Haplochromis sp. 'hippo point' | [Ptyochromis sp. 'salmon'] | 萨儿门红马甲,河马岬萨尔门 | ||||
Haplochromis sp. 'ile des cochons' | 猪岛水晶 | |||||
Haplochromis sp. 'kenya gold' | 肯尼亚黄金 | |||||
Haplochromis sp. 'kenya shoreline' | 肯尼亚岸边红 | |||||
Haplochromis sp. 'kisuule' | 奇苏勒红顶 | |||||
Haplochromis sp. 'kk beach' | KK蓝焰红尾 | |||||
Haplochromis sp. 'kyoga flameback' | [Xystichromis sp. 'Kyoga flameback'] | 基奥加火红背,基奥加全红 | ||||
Haplochromis sp. 'matumbi hunter' | [Lipochromis sp. 'matumbi hunter'] | 马汤比猎手 | ||||
Haplochromis sp. 'migori' | 米格里蓝焰 | |||||
Haplochromis sp. 'murchison bay' = H. lividus | ||||||
Haplochromis sp. 'musoma' | Musoma Red Belly | 绿姆索马红腹 | ||||
Haplochromis sp. 'musoma blue' | 蓝姆索马红腹 | |||||
Haplochromis sp. 'orange rock hunter' | [Harpagochromis sp. 'orange rock ...'] | 橙岩猎手 | ||||
Haplochromis sp. 'pallisa black slick' = H. sp. 'golden duck' | ||||||
Haplochromis sp. 'parvidens like' | [Lipochromis sp. 'parvidens like'] | 纳万帕萨火红背 | ||||
Haplochromis sp. 'red back scraper' | [Enterochromis sp. 'red back scraper'] | 红背刮刀 | ||||
Haplochromis sp. 'red fin piebald' = Paralabidochromis sp. 'red fin piebald' | ||||||
Haplochromis sp. 'red rock sheller' | [Ptyochromis sp. 'red rock sheller'] | 红岩剥壳机 | ||||
Haplochromis sp. 'red tail' 44# = Astatotilapia sp. 'red tail' | ||||||
Haplochromis sp. 'red tail sheller' = Platytaeniodus sp. 'red tail sheller' = Ptyochromis sp. 'red tail sheller' | ||||||
Haplochromis sp. 'rock kribensis' = Paralabidochromis sauvagei | ||||||
Haplochromis sp. 'ruby' | Ruby Green | 红背绿宝石,绿宝石 | ||||
Haplochromis sp. 'salmon' = H. sp. 'hippo point' | ||||||
Haplochromis sp. 'serranus juma island' | [H. cf. vonlinnei] | 朱马岛大嘴蓝精灵 | ||||
Haplochromis sp. 'silver stilleto' | Prognathochromis sp. 'silver stilleto'] | 银色匕首 | ||||
Haplochromis sp. 'steilstirn' | 斯特尔斯红尾 | |||||
Haplochromis sp. 'striped rock crusher' | 岩石破碎机 | |||||
Haplochromis sp. 'tipped blue' | [Yssichromis sp. 'blue tipped', H. sp....] | 维湖蓝钻 | ||||
Haplochromis sp. 'tomato' | species #35 | 红蕃茄,35#番茄 | ||||
Haplochromis sp. 'two stripe white lip' | [H. cf. squamulatus] | 双纹白唇 | ||||
Haplochromis sp. 'velvet black' = Neochromis greenwoodi | ||||||
Haplochromis tanaos | 汤奥斯长身 | |||||
Haplochromis thereuterion | [Haplochromis sp. 'double stripe'] | 维湖红尾剑沙 | ||||
Haplochromis vittatus | [Prognathochromis vittatus] | 维塔斯猎手 | ||||
Haplochromis xenognathus | [Ptyochromis xenognathus] | 恩培德蓝翅 | ||||
没 有 活 体 或 已 经 灭 绝 的 维 鲷(略) | ||||||
包括H. acidens、H. aelocephalus、H. akika在内的上百种慈鲷,远远超过目前存活的品种。 | ||||||
注1:Haplochromis属的大多数品种,在自然环境中已经减少许多了;有时人工繁殖的数量反而比自然环境中的数量还要多。所以除非必要,在罗列相关品种时,具体的地域就不写了。 Haplochromis属成员的学名经常变来变去,这时,可参照表中描述中的“指引”(多以“→”或“=”来表示),找到正确的品种学名。通常,属名后面的品种名是不变的。 |
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注2:Haplochromis属几乎分成于整个非洲大陆的湖泊和河流,因为很多暂时没有有效属名的品种多归在该属,它是维鲷的最主要的代表。目前在维湖还有一些品种存在着地域变异;还有许多品种,并非没有变异,而是在自然栖息地已经所剩无几了。 |
Haplochromis属被称为非洲慈鲷的“分类垃圾桶(wastebin taxon)”,大多数慈鲷在不能确定有效的属名时,起先多是以这一词作为属名。后来随着分类技术的发展,品种鉴定技术的提高,很多慈鲷品种渐渐从这一属分离了出去,马湖慈鲷就是最好的证明。但即使如此,仍然有相当多的品种留在Haplochromis属,成为了目前三湖慈鲷最大的一个属。该属内维鲷品种占了最大的一部分,而随着很多维鲷的慢慢消失或灭绝,目前能够看到活体的Haplochromis属成员,其实已经不多了。 在分类过程中,出现了一个有趣的现象:一些品种从Haplochromis属分离出去组成了新的属;若干年后,发现不妥,又重新回到了Haplochromis属。Haplochromis属前后已经将Enterochromis、Gaurochromis、Harpagochromis、Hoplotilapia、Labrochromis、Lipochromis、Macropleurodus、Paralabidochromis、Prognathochromis、Psammochromis、Ptyochromis、Xystochromis和Yssochromis这十三个属划入本属。 正因为Haplochromis属将其他属纳入其中,所以各成员的习性和食性也不相同。它们几乎包括了维鲷的所有食性(但却没有植食倾向严重的品种),所以具体饲养时,可按照它们不同的食性来进行: 【维鲷饲养系列3:食碎屑型品种(Tiny detritus-eaters)】,代表品种:H. antleter、H. cinctus; 【维鲷饲养系列5:浅层食虫型品种(Shallow water insectivores)】,代表品种:H. sp. 'flameback'、H. chromogynos; 【维鲷饲养系列6:岩栖食虫性品种(Rock-dwelling insect pickers)】,代表品种:H. chilotes、H. cyaneus; 【维鲷饲养系列7:食鱼性品种(Piscivores)】,代表品种:H. sp. 'orange rock hunter'、H. perrieri 。 【维鲷饲养系列8:食贝性品种(molluscivorous cichlids)】,代表品种:Haplochromis sp. 'hippo point'、Haplochromis sauvagei。 |